For the poultry fancier, poultry industry historian and potential
chick sexers. Extracts from: 'The
Specialist Chick Sexer' R.D. Martin, available at US$19.95 airmailed
to any part of the world within 7 to 10 days.
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Breed
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A group of fowl breeding true to type, carriage and characteristics
distinctive of the breed name they take.
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Broiler
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A young table bird of either sex usually not more than ten
weeks of age.
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Brooder
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Equipment used to produce heat during the first weeks of
a chick's life.
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Cages
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A system of housing
fowl. Birds are confined in wire cages either singly or in
multiples.
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Chicks
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Usually refers to a fowl from day old until removed from
brooder.
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Chick Sorter
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A person who separates the sexes of day old-chicks by either
the feather or color method.
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Cloaca
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The common external opening for the digestive, urinary and
reproductive tract.
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Cockerel
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A male bird aged from a day old to the end of its first breeding
season.
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Color-sexing
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The method of sexing chicks by their color. Crossbred a chicken
produced by crossing two or more different breeds or varieties.
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Cull
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the removal from the flock of an unprofitable or unsuitable
bird.
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| DNA |
(deoxyribonucleic acid) an organic compound found
in chromosomes as a double spiral and controlling and transmitting
genetic characters. Plays a central role in protein transmission
of hereditary characteristics from parents to offspring. |
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Embryo
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a young organism in the early stages of development, as before
hatching from the egg.
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Eminence
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the actual appendage or sex organ, sometimes referred to
as the process, phallus, or genital eminence. In this study
it means the male and sometimes female degenerate genital
eminence between the lateral folds of a chick.
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Excreta
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waste matter from the intestines.
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Feather sexing
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the method of sexing the chicks by examining the wing feathers.
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Folds
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the protective layer of skin covering the eminence, lying
inside the rim of the cloaca.
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Genetic engineering
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alteration of the structure of the chromosomes in living
organisms to produce effects beneficial to farmers in agriculture
and so on.
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Geneticist
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a person who studies or specializes in genetics.
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Green chicken
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is one that has very recently hatched from the incubator
and contains considerable moisture content. For a chick sexer
a green chicken is very soft and very fragile to work with.
In less than three or four hours the chick 'dries out' and
is much easier to handle.
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Grand Parent Stock
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GPS parents of Parent Stock (PS), can usually only be sexed
by specialist chick sexers. Q
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Hatchability
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number of chicks produced from all eggs set in the incubator.
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Hen
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a female fowl after the first adult moult.
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Hyperdermia
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the act of pressing the cloaca.
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Incubator
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a machine used for the artificial hatching of eggs.
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| "Machine" method |
a misnomer, as it is in no way a machine, but it
is a term that has been generally used in the poultry industry
since this method was introduced. The optical way of sexing
day old chicks. |
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"Machine"
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An optical instrument for sexing day old chicks.
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Parent Stock
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PS purebred stock used for producing offspring which can
usually he sexed by feather or color sexing. Parent stock
can usually only be sexed by specialist chick sexers.
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Prefectures
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regional districts in Japan.
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Primary Stock
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PS same as parent stock.
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Pullorum
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A disease of poultry. (Salmonella typhi-murium)
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Pelvic bones
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Thin terminal portion of the hip bones that form part of
the pelvis.
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Poults
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Young turkeys.
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Primaries
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The long stiff flight feathers at the outer tip of the wing.
Pullet a female bird from day old to the end of her first
lying season. Purebred a chicken produced from parents of
the same breed. Rim the outer edge of the cloaca.
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Secondaries
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The large wing feathers adjacent to the body.
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Sexer
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A person who divides chicks into male and female groups at
day old by either the cloaca method or the "machine"
method. A specialist chick sexer.
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Sexing
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The act of dividing birds into male and female groups. Specialist
Chick Sexer a person who sexes chicks or turkeys by the cloaca/vent
or "machine" method commercially.
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Vent method
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Usually referred to as the cloaca (1) method or some times,
in Australia, the hand method; the method of sexing chicks
and turkeys by examining the cloaca.
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| Vent |
The external opening fom the cloaca . Sometimes
in this study the term cloaca is used for this area. The common
name for the cloaca or anus where the sex organs are contained. |
